Carpels as leaves: meeting the carbon cost of reproduction in an alpine buttercup
Identifieur interne : 003862 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003861; suivant : 003863Carpels as leaves: meeting the carbon cost of reproduction in an alpine buttercup
Auteurs : Candace Galen [États-Unis] ; E. Dawson [États-Unis] ; L. Stanton [États-Unis]Source :
- Oecologia [ 0029-8549 ] ; 1993-08-01.
Abstract
Abstract: We investigated the role of photosynthesis by reproductive organs in meeting the carbon costs of sexual reproduction in the snow-buttercup, Ranunculus adoneus. The exposed green carpels of snow-buttercup flowers have 1–2 stomata each. Net carbon assimilation rates of flowers are negative during bud expansion, but rise to zero at maturity, and become positive during early fruit growth. Experimental removal of separate whorls of flower parts demonstrated that the showy, nectary-housing petals account for most of the respiration cost of flower presentation. Conversely, photosynthesis by female organs contributes to a flower's carbon balance. Dipteran pollinators of R. adoneus are most active in sunny mid-morning to mid-afternoon intervals. At this time of day, rates of carpel photosynthesis (Amax) meet respiratory costs of pollinator attraction in fully expanded flowers. Achenes remain photosynthetically active until dispersal, and positive net carbon assimilation rates characterize infructescences throughout fruit maturation. Photosynthetic rates of achenes are positively correlated with infructescence growth rates. We tested the causal basis of this relationship by experimentally shading developing infructescences. Mature achenes from shaded infructescences were 16–18% smaller than those from unshaded controls. Leaf photosynthetic rates did not differ between plants bearing shaded and unshaded seed heads. Since female reproductive organs are only 8% more costly in terms of caloric investment than male ones and contribute to their own carbon balance, it is plausible that the energy cost of male function equals or exceeds that of female function in this hermaphroditic species.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/BF00323489
Affiliations:
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Stanton</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C3A72B84AB9EB8E0C59E1096C3D97DF50B310C29</idno><date when="1993" year="1993">1993</date><idno type="doi">10.1007/BF00323489</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/C3A72B84AB9EB8E0C59E1096C3D97DF50B310C29/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001113</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">001113</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">001073</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0029-8549:1993:Galen C:carpels:as:leaves</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003B54</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003862</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003862</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Carpels as leaves: meeting the carbon cost of reproduction in an alpine buttercup</title><author><name sortKey="Galen, Candace" sort="Galen, Candace" uniqKey="Galen C" first="Candace" last="Galen">Candace Galen</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 65211, Columbia, MO</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dawson, E" sort="Dawson, E" uniqKey="Dawson E" first="E." last="Dawson">E. Dawson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Section in Ecology and Systematics, Cornell University, Corson Hall, 14853-2701, Ithaca, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">Ithaca (New York)</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Cornell</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stanton, L" sort="Stanton, L" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="L." last="Stanton">L. Stanton</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Oecologia</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Oecologia</title><idno type="ISSN">0029-8549</idno><idno type="eISSN">1432-1939</idno><imprint><publisher>Springer-Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Berlin/Heidelberg</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1993-08-01">1993-08-01</date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="187">187</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="193">193</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0029-8549</idno></series><idno type="istex">C3A72B84AB9EB8E0C59E1096C3D97DF50B310C29</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1007/BF00323489</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BF00323489</idno><idno type="ArticleID">Art5</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0029-8549</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: We investigated the role of photosynthesis by reproductive organs in meeting the carbon costs of sexual reproduction in the snow-buttercup, Ranunculus adoneus. The exposed green carpels of snow-buttercup flowers have 1–2 stomata each. Net carbon assimilation rates of flowers are negative during bud expansion, but rise to zero at maturity, and become positive during early fruit growth. Experimental removal of separate whorls of flower parts demonstrated that the showy, nectary-housing petals account for most of the respiration cost of flower presentation. Conversely, photosynthesis by female organs contributes to a flower's carbon balance. Dipteran pollinators of R. adoneus are most active in sunny mid-morning to mid-afternoon intervals. At this time of day, rates of carpel photosynthesis (Amax) meet respiratory costs of pollinator attraction in fully expanded flowers. Achenes remain photosynthetically active until dispersal, and positive net carbon assimilation rates characterize infructescences throughout fruit maturation. Photosynthetic rates of achenes are positively correlated with infructescence growth rates. We tested the causal basis of this relationship by experimentally shading developing infructescences. Mature achenes from shaded infructescences were 16–18% smaller than those from unshaded controls. Leaf photosynthetic rates did not differ between plants bearing shaded and unshaded seed heads. Since female reproductive organs are only 8% more costly in terms of caloric investment than male ones and contribute to their own carbon balance, it is plausible that the energy cost of male function equals or exceeds that of female function in this hermaphroditic species.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Missouri (État)</li><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>Ithaca (New York)</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Cornell</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Missouri (État)"><name sortKey="Galen, Candace" sort="Galen, Candace" uniqKey="Galen C" first="Candace" last="Galen">Candace Galen</name></region><name sortKey="Dawson, E" sort="Dawson, E" uniqKey="Dawson E" first="E." last="Dawson">E. Dawson</name><name sortKey="Stanton, L" sort="Stanton, L" uniqKey="Stanton L" first="L." last="Stanton">L. 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